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Sulfuric acid ( American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid ( Commonwealth spelling ), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula H2SO4.
Chemical compound. The sulfateor sulphateion is a polyatomic anionwith the empirical formulaSO2−4. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are saltsof sulfuric acidand many are prepared from that acid.
Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 S. It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is poisonous, corrosive, and flammable, with trace amounts in ambient atmosphere having a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. [11] Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele is credited with having discovered the chemical composition of purified hydrogen sulfide in 1777. [12]
Sulfuric (IV) acid ( United Kingdom spelling: sulphuric (IV) acid ), also known as sulfurous (UK: sulphurous) acid and thionic acid, [citation needed] is the chemical compound with the formula H2SO3. Raman spectra of solutions of sulfur dioxide in water show only signals due to the SO2 molecule and the bisulfite ion, HSO− 3. [2]
Sulfur (also spelled sulphur in British English) is a chemical element; it has symbol S and atomic number 16. It is abundant, multivalent and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with the chemical formula S 8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow, crystalline solid at room temperature .
The structure of sulfonic acids is illustrated by the prototype, methanesulfonic acid. The sulfonic acid group, RSO 2 OH features a tetrahedral sulfur centre, meaning that sulfur is at the center of four atoms: three oxygens and one carbon. The overall geometry of the sulfur centre is reminiscent of the shape of sulfuric acid .
Sulfur dioxide is an intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid, being converted to sulfur trioxide, and then to oleum, which is made into sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide for this purpose is made when sulfur combines with oxygen. The method of converting sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid is called the contact process.
Structure and properties Chlorosulfuric acid is a tetrahedral molecule. The formula is more descriptively written SO 2 (OH)Cl, but HSO 3 Cl is traditional. It is an intermediate, chemically and conceptually, between sulfuryl chloride (SO 2 Cl 2) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ). [4] The compound is rarely obtained pure. Upon standing with excess sulfur trioxide, it decomposes to pyrosulfuryl ...
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