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Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. [ 1] Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them. Brain atrophy can be classified into two ...
Ventriculomegaly is a brain condition that mainly occurs in the fetus when the lateral ventricles become dilated. The most common definition uses a width of the atrium of the lateral ventricle of greater than 10 mm. [ 1] This occurs in around 1% of pregnancies. [ 2] When this measurement is between 10 and 15 mm, the ventriculomegaly may be ...
Hypovolemia, also known as volume depletion or volume contraction, is a state of abnormally low extracellular fluid in the body. [ 1] This may be due to either a loss of both salt and water or a decrease in blood volume. [ 2][ 3] Hypovolemia refers to the loss of extracellular fluid and should not be confused with dehydration.
Leukoaraiosis is a particular abnormal change in appearance of white matter near the lateral ventricles. It is often seen in aged individuals, but sometimes in young adults. [ 1 ][ 2 ] On MRI, leukoaraiosis changes appear as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in T2 FLAIR images. [ 3 ][ 4 ] On CT scans, leukoaraiosis appears as hypodense ...
It is located above the brain stem, posterior to the brain. Cerebellar degeneration is a condition in which cerebellar cells, otherwise known as neurons, become damaged and progressively weaken in the cerebellum. [1] There are two types of cerebellar degeneration; paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, and alcoholic or nutritional cerebellar ...
Severely high ICP can cause the brain to herniate. Intracranial pressure ( ICP) is the pressure exerted by fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the skull and on the brain tissue. ICP is measured in millimeters of mercury ( mmHg) and at rest, is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult. This equals to 9–20 cmH 2 O, which is a common ...
About 15% of the blood volume is present in the arteries, 40% in the veins, and 45% in the nerve tissue and capillaries. There is a difference between the cerebral blood volume of gray and white matter. The cerebral blood volume value of gray matter is about 3.5 +/- 0.4 ml/100g, and the white matter is about 1.7 +/- 0.4 ml/100g.
Periventricular leukomalacia ( PVL) is a form of white-matter brain injury, characterized by the necrosis (more often coagulation) of white matter near the lateral ventricles. [ 1][ 2] It can affect newborns and (less commonly) fetuses; premature infants are at the greatest risk of neonatal encephalopathy which may lead to this condition.