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Acetyl chloride was first prepared in 1852 by French chemist Charles Gerhardt by treating potassium acetate with phosphoryl chloride. [4]Acetyl chloride is produced in the laboratory by the reaction of acetic acid with chlorodehydrating agents such as phosphorus trichloride (PCl 3), phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5), sulfuryl chloride (SO 2 Cl 2), phosgene, or thionyl chloride (SOCl 2).
In organic chemistry, acetyl is a functional group with the chemical formula −COCH3 and the structure −C (=O)−CH3. It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac[ 5][ 6] (not to be confused with the element actinium ). In IUPAC nomenclature, acetyl is called ethanoyl . The acetyl group contains a methyl group ( −CH3) single-bonded to a ...
3O−. 2. The neutral molecules formed by the combination of the acetate ion and a positive ion (called a cation) are also commonly called "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminium, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) with corresponding salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion CH.
Acetanilide can be produced by reacting acetic anhydride with aniline: . C 6 H 5 NH 2 + (CH 3 CO) 2 O → C 6 H 5 NHCOCH 3 + CH 3 COOH. The preparation used to be a traditional experiment in introductory organic chemistry lab classes, [8] but it has now been widely replaced by the preparation of either paracetamol or aspirin, both of which teach the same practical techniques (especially ...
Isocyanate. The isocyanate functional group. In organic chemistry, isocyanate is the functional group with the formula R−N=C=O. Organic compounds that contain an isocyanate group are referred to as isocyanates. An organic compound with two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate.
Acetylation. In chemistry, acetylation is an organic esterification reaction with acetic acid. It introduces an acetyl group into a chemical compound. Such compounds are termed acetate esters or simply acetates. Deacetylation is the opposite reaction, the removal of an acetyl group from a chemical compound.
The major use of chloroacetyl chloride is as an intermediate in the production of herbicides in the chloroacetanilide family including metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor and butachlor; an estimated 100 million pounds are used annually. Some chloroacetyl chloride is also used to produce phenacyl chloride, another chemical intermediate, also used ...
The chemical formula shows a section of cellulose with two acetyl groups per glucose module. In biochemistry, cellulose acetate refers to any acetate ester of cellulose, usually cellulose diacetate. It was first prepared in 1865. [ 1][verification needed] A bioplastic, cellulose acetate is used as a film base in photography, as a component in ...