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Engine knocking. In spark-ignition internal combustion engines, knocking (also knock, detonation, spark knock, pinging or pinking) occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flame front ignited by the spark plug, but when one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside ...
Low-speed pre-ignition ( LSPI ), also known as stochastic pre-ignition ( SPI ), [ 1] is a pre-ignition event that occurs in gasoline vehicle engines when there is a premature ignition of the main fuel charge. [ 2] LSPI is most common in certain turbocharged direct-injection vehicles operating in low-speed and high-load driving conditions. [ 3]
Digifant is an Engine Management System operated by an Engine Control Unit that actuates outputs, such as fuel injection and ignition systems, using information derived from sensor inputs, such as engine speed, exhaust oxygen and intake air flow. [ 1] Digifant was designed by Volkswagen Group, in cooperation with Robert Bosch GmbH .
Hydraulic tappet. A hydraulic tappet, also known as a hydraulic valve lifter or hydraulic lash adjuster, is a device for maintaining zero valve clearance in an internal combustion engine. Conventional solid valve lifters require regular adjusting to maintain a small clearance between the valve and its rocker or cam follower.
An exhaust gas temperature gauge ( EGT gauge or EGT sensor) is a meter used to monitor the exhaust gas temperature of an internal combustion engine in conjunction with a thermocouple -type pyrometer. EGT gauges are found in certain cars and aeroplanes. By monitoring EGT, the driver or pilot can get an idea of the vehicle's air-fuel ratio (AFR).
Enterobacteria phage T4. Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily Tevenvirinae of the family Straboviridae. T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic life cycle and not the lysogenic life cycle.
An oxygen sensor (or lambda sensor, where lambda refers to air–fuel equivalence ratio, usually denoted by λ) or probe or sond, is an electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O 2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed. It was developed by Robert Bosch GmbH during the late 1960s under the supervision of Günter Bauman.
A crankcase ventilation system ( CVS) removes unwanted gases from the crankcase of an internal combustion engine. The system usually consists of a tube, a one-way valve and a vacuum source (such as the inlet manifold ). The unwanted gases, called "blow-by", are gases from the combustion chamber which have leaked past the piston rings.