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2. Two's complement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two's_complement

   Two's complement is the most common method of representing signed (positive, negative, and zero) integers on computers, [1] and more generally, fixed point binary values. Two's complement uses the binary digit with the greatest value as the sign to indicate whether the binary number is positive or negative; when the most significant bit is 1 the number is signed as negative and when the most ...

3. Method of complements - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_complements

   The smaller numbers, for use when subtracting, are the nines' complement of the larger numbers, which are used when adding. In mathematics and computing, the method of complements is a technique to encode a symmetric range of positive and negative integers in a way that they can use the same algorithm (or mechanism) for addition throughout the ...

4. Hexadecimal - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal

   v. t. e. In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent ...

5. Signed number representations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations

   In computing, signed number representations are required to encode negative numbers in binary number systems. In mathematics, negative numbers in any base are represented by prefixing them with a minus sign ("−"). However, in RAM or CPU registers, numbers are represented only as sequences of bits, without extra symbols.

6. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

   Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that studies numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms . Arithmetic systems can be distinguished based on the type of numbers they operate on.

7. Additive inverse - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive_inverse

   Additive inverse. In mathematics, the additive inverse of an element x, denoted -x[ 1], is the element that when added to x, yields the additive identity, 0 [ 2]. In the most familiar cases, this is the number 0, but it can also refer to a more generalized zero element . In elementary mathematics, the additive inverse is often referred to as ...

8. Numeral system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_system

   A numeral system is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. The same sequence of symbols may represent different numbers in different numeral systems. For example, "11" represents the number eleven in the decimal or ...

9. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

   A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...