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A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal that most common spectrum analyzers measure is electrical; however, spectral compositions of other signals, such ...
Scintillation counter. Schematic showing incident high energy photon hitting a scintillating crystal, triggering the release of low-energy photons which are then converted into photoelectrons and multiplied in the photomultiplier. A scintillation counter is an instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation by using the excitation ...
Absorption spectroscopy is performed across the electromagnetic spectrum . Absorption spectroscopy is employed as an analytical chemistry tool to determine the presence of a particular substance in a sample and, in many cases, to quantify the amount of the substance present. Infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy are particularly ...
A hybrid pixel detector, also known as a pixel array detector (PAD) features a sensor chip bonded to a separate electronics chip with each pixel read out in parallel. The pixels are typically wide and thick e.g. 150 x 150 x 500 μm for the electron microscope pixel array detector (EMPAD) described by Tate et al. [ 11] This large pixel size ...
Infrared spectroscopy ( IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection. It is used to study and identify chemical substances or functional groups in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms. It can be used to characterize new materials or ...
The working title for this episode was "Spectrum Strike Back". [2] "Spectrum Strikes Back" features the second appearance of the World President, who was targeted by the Mysterons in the first episode. The Mysteron Gun was designed by the series' special effects director, Derek Meddings. [3] Filming of the episode began on 13 March 1967. [4]
Photomultiplier tubes ( photomultipliers or PMTs for short) are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are members of the class of vacuum tubes, more specifically vacuum phototubes. These detectors multiply the current produced by incident light by as ...
Scintillator. Various scintillation crystals. The second crystal from the left is targeted by an UV source and shines brightly in visible light. A scintillator ( / ˈsɪntɪleɪtər / SIN-til-ay-ter) is a material that exhibits scintillation, the property of luminescence, [ 1] when excited by ionizing radiation.