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Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases. This list gives those most commonly encountered with Latin script. For a far more comprehensive list of symbols and signs, see List of Unicode characters.
Secret Service code name. President John F. Kennedy, codename "Lancer" with First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, codename "Lace". The United States Secret Service uses code names for U.S. presidents, first ladies, and other prominent persons and locations. [1] The use of such names was originally for security purposes and dates to a time when ...
The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]
Grawlix in a speech bubble. Grawlix (/ ˈ ɡ r ɔː l ɪ k s /) or obscenicon is the use of typographical symbols to replace profanity.Mainly used in cartoons and comics, [1] [2] it is used to get around language restrictions or censorship in publishing.
Pronunciation respelling systems for English have been developed primarily for use in dictionaries. They are used there because it is not possible to predict with certainty the sound of a written English word from its spelling or the spelling of a spoken English word from its sound. So readers looking up an unfamiliar word in a dictionary may ...
Once a Markov chain is learned on a text corpus, it can then be used as a probabilistic text generator. [29] [30] The terms generative AI planning or generative planning were used in the 1980s and 1990s to refer to AI planning systems, especially computer-aided process planning, used to generate sequences of actions to reach a specified goal.
Quotation marks in English. In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, talking marks, [ 1 ][ 2 ] speech marks, [ 3 ] quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name.
A text-to-speech system (or "engine") is composed of two parts: [3] a front-end and a back-end. The front-end has two major tasks. First, it converts raw text containing symbols like numbers and abbreviations into the equivalent of written-out words. This process is often called text normalization, pre-processing, or tokenization.