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Orexin (/ ɒ ˈ r ɛ k s ɪ n /), also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. [5] It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B.The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences brief losses of muscle tone ("drop attacks" or cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells ...
Suvorexant, sold under the brand name Belsomra, is an orexin antagonist medication which is used in the treatment of insomnia. [2] [6] It is indicated specifically for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or maintenance in adults. [2] [6] Suvorexant helps with falling asleep faster, sleeping longer, being ...
Danavorexton (developmental code name TAK-925) is a selective orexin 2 receptor agonist. [1] It is a small-molecule compound and is administered intravenously. [1] [2] The compound was found to dose-dependently produce wakefulness to a similar degree as modafinil in a phase 1 clinical trial. [1] [3] As of March 2021, danavorexton is under ...
An orexin receptor antagonist, or orexin antagonist, is a drug that inhibits the effect of orexin by acting as a receptor antagonist of one (selective orexin receptor antagonist or SORA) or both (dual orexin receptor antagonis or DORA) of the orexin receptors, OX 1 and OX 2. [ 1] Medical applications include treatment of sleep disorders such as ...
Wakefulness is a daily recurring brain state and state of consciousness in which an individual is conscious and engages in coherent cognitive and behavioral responses to the external world. Being awake is the opposite of being asleep , in which most external inputs to the brain are excluded from neural processing.
Thomas Kilduff. Thomas S. Kilduff is an American neuroscientist and the director of SRI International 's Center for Neuroscience. He specializes in neurobiology related to sleep and wakefulness, and was involved in the discovery of hypocretin (also known as orexin), [1] [2] a neuropeptide system that is highly involved in wakefulness regulation.
Orexins strongly excite various brain nuclei to affect an organism's wakefulness by affecting their dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine and acetylcholine systems. [3] These systems work together to stabilize the organism's sleep cycles. Once made, the orexin peptides can bind to the orexin receptor; which is a G protein-coupled receptor. This ...
Daridorexant. Daridorexant, sold under the brand name Quviviq, is an orexin antagonist medication which is used for the treatment of insomnia. [1] [4] [6] [7] [8] Daridorexant is taken by mouth. [1] [4] [7] Side effects of daridorexant include headache, somnolence, and fatigue. [1] [7] The medication is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA).