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Orexin neurons strongly excite various brain nuclei with important roles in wakefulness including the dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine and acetylcholine systems [28] [29] and appear to play an important role in stabilizing wakefulness and sleep. The discovery that an orexin receptor mutation causes the sleep disorder canine narcolepsy [30 ...
[1] [24] [25] Orexin neurons in the posterior lateral hypothalamus potentiate neurons in the ascending arousal system and help stabilize the brain in the waking state (and consolidated wakefulness, which builds up homeostatic sleep drive, helps stabilize the brain during later sleep). The loss of orexin neurons in the disorder narcolepsy ...
The research determined how glucose inhibited a particular class of glucose-sensing neurons, which produce orexins. However, it is unknown how glucose suppresses the electrical activity of orexin cells. [4] A study from the University of Manchester discovered how glucose-inhibited neurons affected the regulation of sleep cycles. Tests show a ...
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder caused by a deficiency in orexin, a neuropeptide that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. The new data confirm mazindol's Orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) agonist activity.
However, orexin-B shows a 5- to 10-fold selectivity for orexin receptor type 2, whilst orexin-A is equipotent at both receptors. [2] [3] Several orexin receptor antagonists are in development for potential use in sleep disorders. [4] The first of these, suvorexant, has been on the market in the United States since 2015. [5]
Orexin, otherwise known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that acts within the brain to regulate appetite and wakefulness as well as a number of other cognitive and physiological processes. [27] [38] [39] Loss of these orexin-producing neurons causes narcolepsy and most individuals with narcolepsy have a reduced number of these neurons in their ...
Function. Through the diverse outputs of the orexin system, the orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus mediate an array of functions. Two of the most commonly noted functions of orexin peptides in the lateral hypothalamus are the promotion of feeding behavior and arousal (i.e., wakefulness). [3] [6] More generally, the orexinergic neural ...
Cataplexy affects approximately 20% of people who have narcolepsy, [2] and is caused by an autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic neurons that produce the neuropeptide hypocretin (also called orexin), which regulates arousal and has a role in stabilization of the transition between wake and sleep states. [3]