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This list of global issues presents problems or phenomena affecting people around the world, including but not limited to widespread social issues, economic issues, and environmental issues. Organizations that maintain or have published an official list of global issues include the United Nations, and the World Economic Forum.
Another related problem is the bottleneck travelling salesman problem: Find a Hamiltonian cycle in a weighted graph with the minimal weight of the weightiest edge. A real-world example is avoiding narrow streets with big buses. [15] The problem is of considerable practical importance, apart from evident transportation and logistics areas.
An electronic sign at École centrale de Nantes on 3 January 2000, incorrectly displaying the year as 1900. (Translation: "Welcome to the Central School of Nantes 12:09 3 January 1900.") The term year 2000 problem[ 1 ], or simply Y2K, refers to potential computer errors related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for dates in and ...
The Ages of Three Children puzzle (sometimes referred to as the Census-Taker Problem [1]) is a logical puzzle in number theory which on first inspection seems to have insufficient information to solve. However, with closer examination and persistence by the solver, the question reveals its hidden mathematical clues, especially when the solver ...
The assignment problem consists of finding, in a weighted bipartite graph, a matching of a given size, in which the sum of weights of the edges is minimum. If the numbers of agents and tasks are equal, then the problem is called balanced assignment. Otherwise, it is called unbalanced assignment. [ 1] If the total cost of the assignment for all ...
The problem for graphs is NP-complete if the edge lengths are assumed integers. The problem for points on the plane is NP-complete with the discretized Euclidean metric and rectilinear metric. The problem is known to be NP-hard with the (non-discretized) Euclidean metric. [ 3]: ND22, ND23. Vehicle routing problem.
Cheryl gives them a list of 10 possible dates: May 15, May 16, May 19. June 17, June 18. July 14, July 16. August 14, August 15, August 17. Cheryl then tells Albert and Bernard separately the month and the day of her birthday respectively.
Birthday attack. A birthday attack is a bruteforce collision attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack can be used to abuse communication between two or more parties. The attack depends on the higher likelihood of collisions found between random attack attempts and a fixed degree of ...