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Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust, and ...
Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, [ 1] which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates . Drinking hard water may have moderate health benefits.
Dietary Reference Intake. The Dietary Reference Intake ( DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) [ a] of the National Academies (United States). [ 1] It was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing guidelines known as Recommended Dietary Allowances ( RDA s, see below).
Calcium metabolism. The body regulates calcium homeostasis with two pathways; one is signaled to turn on when blood calcium levels drop below normal and one is the pathway that is signaled to turn on when blood calcium levels are elevated. Calcium metabolism is the movement and regulation of calcium ions (Ca 2+) in (via the gut) and out (via ...
Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood serum. [5] The normal range of blood calcium is typically between 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), while levels less than 2.1 mmol/L are defined as hypocalcemic.
Electrolyte imbalance. Diagram of ion concentrations and charge across a semi-permeable cellular membrane. Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological ...
Calcium hypochlorite is commonly used to sanitize public swimming pools and disinfect drinking water. Generally the commercial substances are sold with a purity of 65% to 73% with other chemicals present, such as calcium chloride and calcium carbonate, resulting from the manufacturing process.
Even if small amounts are ingested over long periods of time, the prolonged high levels of calcium ions have large negative effects on the animals. [30] The issues these animals experience are muscle weakness, and calcification of blood vessels, heart valves, liver, kidneys, and other soft tissues, which eventually can lead to death.