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Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust, and ...
Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood serum. [5] The normal range of blood calcium is typically between 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), while levels less than 2.1 mmol/L are defined as hypocalcemic.
Calcium metabolism is the movement and regulation of calcium ions (Ca 2+) in (via the gut) and out (via the gut and kidneys) of the body, and between body compartments: the blood plasma, the extracellular and intracellular fluids, and bone. Bone acts as a calcium storage center for deposits and withdrawals as needed by the blood via continual ...
Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, [ 1] which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates . Drinking hard water may have moderate health benefits.
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and for many other biological effects. [ 1][ 2] In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D 3 ( cholecalciferol) and vitamin D 2 ( ergocalciferol ). [ 2][ 3] The major natural source of ...
Even if small amounts are ingested over long periods of time, the prolonged high levels of calcium ions have large negative effects on the animals. [30] The issues these animals experience are muscle weakness, and calcification of blood vessels, heart valves, liver, kidneys, and other soft tissues, which eventually can lead to death.
Adults generally require about a gram of calcium a day. [1] Calcium is particularly important for bones, muscles, and nerves. [1] The medical use of calcium supplements began in the 19th century. [5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [6] It is available as a generic medication. [3]
Dietary Reference Intake. The Dietary Reference Intake ( DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) [ a] of the National Academies (United States). [ 1] It was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing guidelines known as Recommended Dietary Allowances ( RDA s, see below).