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Pediatrics. Small for gestational age ( SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age. SGA is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. [ 1] SGA predicts susceptibility to hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and polycythemia. [ 2] By definition, at least 10% of all newborns ...
Obstetrics, pediatrics. Large for gestational age ( LGA) is a term used to describe infants that are born with an abnormally high weight, specifically in the 90th percentile or above, compared to other babies of the same developmental age. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Macrosomia is a similar term that describes excessive birth weight, but refers to an absolute ...
The Tanner scale (also known as the Tanner stages or sexual maturity rating ( SMR )) is a scale of physical development as children transition into adolescence and then adulthood. The scale defines physical measurements of development based on external primary and secondary sex characteristics, such as the size of the breasts, genitals ...
Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) exists when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. This may be due to a small pelvis, a nongynecoid pelvic formation, a large fetus, an unfavorable orientation of the fetus, or a combination of these factors. Certain medical conditions may distort pelvic bones ...
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks. [ 1] Extreme preterm [ 2] is less than 28 weeks, very early preterm birth is between 28 and 32 weeks, early preterm birth occurs between 32 and 34 weeks, late preterm birth is ...
Oligohydramnios. Specialty. Obstetrics. Oligohydramnios is a medical condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the abdomen, in the amniotic sac. The limiting case is anhydramnios, where there is a complete absence of amniotic fluid. It is typically diagnosed by ultrasound when ...
Intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR ), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined by clinical features of malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile. [ 5] The causes of IUGR are broad and may involve maternal, fetal, or ...
Low birth weight may be a result of preterm birth. Low birth weight ( LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of an infant of 2,499 g (5 lb 8.1 oz) or less, regardless of gestational age. [1] Infants born with LBW have added health risks which require close management, often in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).