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An aluminium alloy ( UK / IUPAC) or aluminum alloy ( NA; see spelling differences) is an alloy in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin, nickel and zinc. There are two principal classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are ...
From late 2012, the modified internal engine components were fitted to new replacement engines and new vehicle units by the Volkswagen group engine plants. Another common issue is camshaft timing chain tensioner failure, again in earlier generation 1 models.
The Volkswagen air-cooled engine is an air-cooled, gasoline -fuelled, boxer engine with four horizontally opposed cast-iron cylinders, cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads and pistons, magnesium -alloy crankcase, and forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods . There are two distinct families/variations of the aircooled engine namely Type 1 and ...
OBD-II PIDs ( On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used to request data from a vehicle, used as a diagnostic tool. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. All on-road vehicles and trucks sold in North America are required to support a subset of these codes, primarily for state mandated emissions inspections.
Digifant is an Engine Management System operated by an Engine Control Unit that actuates outputs, such as fuel injection and ignition systems, using information derived from sensor inputs, such as engine speed, exhaust oxygen and intake air flow. [ 1] Digifant was designed by Volkswagen Group, in cooperation with Robert Bosch GmbH .
In electrical and safety engineering, hazardous locations (HazLoc, pronounced haz·lōk) are places where fire or explosion hazards may exist. Sources of such hazards include gases, vapors, dust, fibers, and flyings, which are combustible or flammable. Electrical equipment installed in such locations can provide an ignition source, due to ...
Volvo Engine Architecture. The Volvo Engine Architecture[ 13] ( VEA) is a family of straight-three and straight-four automobile petrol and diesel engines produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde, [ 30] Sweden, since 2013, [ 31] Zhangjiakou, [ 32] China since 2016 [ 33] and Tanjung Malim, Malaysia since 2022 by Proton. [ 34]
6061 sheet in the T4 condition can be formed with limited ductility in the cold state. For deep draw and complex shapes, and for the avoidance of spring-back, an aluminium hot stamping process ( Hot Form Quench ) can be used, which forms a blank at a elevated temperature (~ 550 C) in a cooled die, leaving a part in W-temper condition before ...