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In the indirect antiglobulin test, the mixture of antiserum or plasma and red blood cells is incubated at 37 °C (99 °F), the ideal temperature for reactivity of IgG antibodies. After incubation, the red blood cells are washed with saline to remove unbound antibodies, and anti-human globulin reagent is added.
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis ( HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland .
The direct and indirect Coombs tests, also known as antiglobulin test ( AGT ), are blood tests used in immunohematology. The direct Coombs test detects antibodies that are stuck to the surface of the red blood cells. [ 1] Since these antibodies sometimes destroy red blood cells they can cause anemia; this test can help clarify the condition.
The system is based on the expression of two codominant alleles, designated Lua and Lub. The antigens Aua and Aub, known as the Auberger antigens, were once thought to make up a separate blood group but were later shown to be Lutheran antigens arising from variations in the BCAM gene. The phenotypes Lu (a+b−) and Lu (a+b+) are found at ...
A urine test strip or dipstick is a basic diagnostic tool used to determine pathological changes in a patient's urine in standard urinalysis. [ 1] A standard urine test strip may comprise up to 10 different chemical pads or reagents which react (change color) when immersed in, and then removed from, a urine sample.
The mononuclear spot test or monospot test, a form of the heterophile antibody test, [ 1] is a rapid test for infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It is an improvement on the Paul–Bunnell test. [ 2] The test is specific for heterophile antibodies produced by the human immune system in response to EBV infection.
Secretor status refers to the presence or absence of water-soluble ABO blood group antigens in a person's bodily fluids, such as saliva, tears, breast milk, urine, and semen. People who secrete these antigens in their bodily fluids are referred to as secretors, while people who do not are termed non-secretors.
In general, the test has two roles: As a confirmatory test for a positive result from a serum screening test (RPR for example). Since the test has high negative predictive value it is very useful in both serum or CSF to exclude/rule out neurosyphilis if the FTA test result is negative. " A negative FTA in serum excludes neurosyphilis".