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Predicate (grammar) The term predicate is used in two ways in linguistics and its subfields. The first defines a predicate as everything in a standard declarative sentence except the subject, and the other defines it as only the main content verb or associated predicative expression of a clause. Thus, by the first definition, the predicate of ...
Nominal sentence. In linguistics, a nominal sentence (also known as equational sentence) [ 1] is a sentence without a finite verb. [ 2] As a nominal sentence does not have a verbal predicate, it may contain a nominal predicate, an adjectival predicate, in Semitic languages also an adverbial predicate or even a prepositional predicate.
Clause. In language, a clause is a constituent or phrase that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate. [ 1] A typical clause consists of a subject and a syntactic predicate, [ 2] the latter typically a verb phrase composed of a verb with or without any objects and other modifiers.
In linguistics, an argument is an expression that helps complete the meaning of a predicate, [ 1] the latter referring in this context to a main verb and its auxiliaries. In this regard, the complement is a closely related concept. Most predicates take one, two, or three arguments. A predicate and its arguments form a predicate-argument structure.
In the most typical cases, the predicand corresponds to the subject of a clause, and the predicate corresponds to a verb phrase (VP) that is the head of the clause. But there are also form-meaning mismatches, where the predicand is not a subject or where the predicate is not the head of the clause. Also, not every utterance has a predicand.
Term logic. In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, the Peripatetics.
Adjunct (grammar) In linguistics, an adjunct is an optional, or structurally dispensable, part of a sentence, clause, or phrase that, if removed or discarded, will not structurally affect the remainder of the sentence. Example: In the sentence John helped Bill in Central Park, the phrase in Central Park is an adjunct.
Nominalization. In linguistics, nominalization or nominalisation, also known as nouning, [ 1] is the use of a word that is not a noun (e.g., a verb, an adjective or an adverb) as a noun, or as the head of a noun phrase. This change in functional category can occur through morphological transformation, but it does not always.