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Soil horizon. A cross section of a soil, revealing horizons. A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. Horizons are defined in many cases by obvious physical features, mainly colour and texture.
The World Reference Base for Soil Resources ( WRB) is an international soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. The currently valid version is the fourth edition 2022. [1] It is edited by a working group of the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS). WRB, 4th edition (2022)
Soil map is a geographical representation showing diversity of soil types and/or soil properties ( soil pH, textures, organic matter, depths of horizons etc.) in the area of interest. [1] It is typically the result of a soil survey inventory, i.e. soil survey. Soil maps are most commonly used for land evaluation, spatial planning, agricultural ...
Soil. Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil.
Soil morphology is the branch of soil science dedicated to the technical description of soil, [1] particularly physical properties including texture, color, structure, and consistence. Morphological evaluations of soil are typically performed in the field on a soil profile containing multiple horizons. [2]
File:Soil profile.svg. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 414 × 599 pixels. Other resolutions: 166 × 240 pixels | 331 × 480 pixels | 530 × 768 pixels | 707 × 1,024 pixels | 1,415 × 2,048 pixels | 456 × 660 pixels. Original file (SVG file, nominally 456 × 660 pixels, file size: 544 KB) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons.
The most common engineering classification system for soils in North America is the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). The USCS has three major classification groups: (1) coarse-grained soils (e.g. sands and gravels ); (2) fine-grained soils (e.g. silts and clays ); and (3) highly organic soils (referred to as "peat").
Oxisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy, best known for their occurrence in tropical rain forest within 25 degrees north and south of the Equator. In the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), [ 1] they belong mainly to the ferralsols, but some are plinthosols or nitisols. Some oxisols have been previously classified as laterite ...