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COVID-19 testing involves analyzing samples to assess the current or past presence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that cases COVID-19 and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The two main types of tests detect either the presence of the virus or antibodies produced in response to infection. [ 1][ 2] Molecular tests for viral presence through its ...
Seroconversion. In immunology, seroconversion is the development of specific antibodies in the blood serum as a result of infection or immunization, including vaccination. [ 1][ 2] During infection or immunization, antigens enter the blood, and the immune system begins to produce antibodies in response.
The Rh blood group system is a human blood group system. It contains proteins on the surface of red blood cells. After the ABO blood group system, it is the most likely to be involved in transfusion reactions. The Rh blood group system consisted of 49 defined blood group antigens [ 1] in 2005. As of 2023, there are over 50 antigens among which ...
A strip of eight PCR tubes, each containing a 100 μL reaction mixture Placing a strip of eight PCR tubes into a thermal cycler. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study.
Betacoronavirus cameli [ 1] ( also known as Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus abbreviated as MERS-CoV ), [ 2] or EMC/2012 ( HCoV-EMC/2012 ), is the virus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). [ 3][ 4] It is a species of coronavirus which infects humans, bats, and camels. [ 5]
A growing body of evidence suggests those who have blood type O may be less likely to contract coronavirus and typically experience less severe symptoms when they do come down with the illness.
The function of the spike glycoprotein is to mediate viral entry into the host cell by first interacting with molecules on the exterior cell surface and then fusing the viral and cellular membranes. Spike glycoprotein is a class I fusion protein that contains two regions, known as S1 and S2, responsible for these two functions.
The nucleocapsid (N) protein is a protein that packages the positive-sense RNA genome of coronaviruses to form ribonucleoprotein structures enclosed within the viral capsid. [ 2][ 3] The N protein is the most highly expressed of the four major coronavirus structural proteins. [ 2] In addition to its interactions with RNA, N forms protein ...