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f. g. h. The starting position of chess. The opening is the initial stage of a chess game. It usually consists of established theory. The other phases are the middlegame and the endgame. [ 1] Many opening sequences, known as openings, have standard names such as "Sicilian Defense".
Endgame chess (or the Pawns Game, with unknown origins) [8x8]: Players start the game with only pawns and a king. Normal check, checkmate, en passant, and pawn promotion rules apply. [6] Los Alamos chess (or anti-clerical chess) [6x6]: Played on a 6×6 board without bishops. This was the first chess-like game played by a computer program.
Claude Shannon. The Shannon number, named after the American mathematician Claude Shannon, is a conservative lower bound of the game-tree complexity of chess of 10 120, based on an average of about 10 3 possibilities for a pair of moves consisting of a move for White followed by a move for Black, and a typical game lasting about 40 such pairs of moves.
Forsyth–Edwards Notation ( FEN) is a standard notation for describing a particular board position of a chess game. The purpose of FEN is to provide all the necessary information to restart a game from a particular position. FEN is based on a system developed by Scottish newspaper journalist David Forsyth. His system became popular in the 19th ...
Fischer random chess, also known as Chess960 ('chess nine-sixty'), is a variation of the game of chess invented by the former world chess champion Bobby Fischer. [ 1] Fischer announced this variation on June 19, 1996, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. [ 2][ 3][ 4] Fischer random chess employs the same board and pieces as classical chess, but the ...
First-move advantage in chess. Wilhelm Steinitz, who in 1889 claimed chess is a draw with best play. In chess, there is a consensus among players and theorists that the player who makes the first move ( White) has an inherent advantage, albeit not one large enough to win with perfect play. This has been the consensus since at least 1889, when ...
Solving chess consists of finding an optimal strategy for the game of chess; that is, one by which one of the players ( White or Black) can always force a victory, or either can force a draw (see solved game ). It is also related to more generally solving chess-like games (i.e. combinatorial games of perfect information) such as Capablanca ...
Chess notation systems are used to record either the moves made or the position of the pieces in a game of chess. Chess notation is used in chess literature, and by players keeping a record of an ongoing game. The earliest systems of notation used lengthy narratives to describe each move; these gradually evolved into more compact notation ...
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