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The State Bank of Pakistan then stabilized the exchange rate by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, to preserve the country's export competitiveness. 2008 was termed a disastrous year for the rupee after the elections: between December 2007 and August 2008, it lost 23% of its value, falling to a record low of Rs.79/ 20 against the US ...
Data from 1971 to 1991–92 are based on official exchange rates. Data from 1992 to 1993 onward are based on FEDAI (Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India) indicative rates. Data from 1971 to 1972–73 for the Deutsche Mark and the Japanese Yen are cross rates with the US Dollar. The Euro replaced the Deutsche Mark w.e.f. January 1, 1999.
PKR per US dollar 1995–2008 Periods of Stagflation: the inflation increased as US Dollar gained currency during the times of liberalisation. Year Highest ↑ Lowest ↓ Date Rate Date Rate 1996 PKR 30.93 1997 PKR 35.27 1998 PKR 40.19 1999 PKR 44.55 2000 PKR 51.90 2001 PKR 53.65 2002 PKR 61.93 2003 PKR 59.72 2005 PKR 57.75 2006 PKR 58.00 2009 ...
Per capita GNP growth rate from 1985 to 1995 was only 1.2 percent per annum, substantially lower than India (3.2), Bangladesh (2.1), and Sri Lanka (2.6). [2] The inflation rate in Pakistan has averaged 7.99 percent from 1957 until 2015, reaching an all-time high of 37.81 percent in December 1973 and a record low of -10.32 percent in February 1959.
This is a list of countries by their exchange rate regime. [ 1] De facto exchange-rate arrangements in 2022 as classified by the International Monetary Fund. Floating ( floating and free floating) Soft pegs ( conventional peg, stabilized arrangement, crawling peg, crawl-like arrangement, pegged exchange rate within horizontal bands) Hard pegs ...
U.S. dollar, the official currency of the United States, the world's dominant reserve currency and the most traded currency globally. Euro, the currency used by the most of countries and territories, the second-largest reserve currency and the second-most traded currency. Some currencies, such as the Abkhazian apsar, are not used in day-to-day ...
Investors could directly contract foreign debt on whatever terms they deemed appropriate. Export trade was thrown open to foreign firms, and import licensing for most items was discontinued. These measures, coupled with a flexible exchange rate for the rupee and a liberal trade policy, brought Pakistan closer to free convertibility.
In 1945, the rial was pegged to the U.S. dollar at USD 1 = Rls 32.25. The rate was US$1 = Rls 75.75 in 1957. Iran did not follow the dollar's currency devaluation in 1973, leading to a new peg of USD 1 = Rls 68.725. The dollar peg was dropped in 1975. [citation needed] In 1979, Rls 70 equalled USD 1.