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Cost of poor quality ( COPQ) or poor quality costs ( PQC ), are costs that would disappear if systems, processes, and products were perfect. COPQ was popularized by IBM quality expert H. James Harrington in his 1987 book Poor Quality Costs. [1] COPQ is a refinement of the concept of quality costs. In the 1960s, IBM undertook an effort to study ...
Quality of life. For other uses, see Quality of life (disambiguation). Quality of life ( QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns".
Quality, cost, delivery. Quality, cost, delivery ( QCD ), sometimes expanded to quality, cost, delivery, morale, safety ( QCDMS ), [1] is a management approach originally developed by the British automotive industry. [2] QCD assess different components of the production process and provides feedback in the form of facts and figures that help ...
Nonconformity (quality) In quality management, a nonconformity (sometimes referred to as a non conformance or nonconformance or defect) is a deviation from a specification, a standard, or an expectation. Nonconformities or nonconformance can be classified in seriousness multiple ways, though a typical classification scheme may have three to ...
In business, engineering, and manufacturing, quality – or high quality – has a pragmatic interpretation as the non-inferiority or superiority of something ( goods or services ); it is also defined as being suitable for the intended purpose (fitness for purpose) while satisfying customer expectations. Quality is a perceptual, conditional ...
Poverty. Poverty is a state or condition in which an individual lacks the financial resources and essentials for a certain standard of living. Poverty can have diverse environmental, legal, social, economic, and political causes and effects. [1]
Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age. It is a primary manifestation of malnutrition (or more precisely chronic undernutrition) and recurrent infections, such as diarrhea and helminthiasis, in early childhood and even before birth, due to malnutrition during fetal development brought on by ...
Deprivation associated with poor-quality neighborhoods, schools, and housing sets children off on paths that are not conducive to health and well-being. [citation needed] Cumulative effects are the accumulation of advantage or disadvantage over time that manifests itself in poor health, in particular between women and men.