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A thermal expansion valve is a key element to a heat pump; this is the cycle that makes air conditioning, or air cooling, possible. A basic refrigeration cycle consists of four major elements: a compressor, a condenser, a metering device and an evaporator. As a refrigerant passes through a circuit containing these four elements, air ...
R-12. R-12, the first automotive air conditioning refrigerant, was invented in 1928 by a team of scientists put together by Thomas Midgley, Jr. The team of scientists set out to create refrigerants which led to the invention of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). From these two inventions, two refrigerants were ...
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [ 1]
Vapour-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system ( VCRS ), [ 1] in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air conditioning of buildings and automobiles. It is also used in domestic and commercial refrigerators, large-scale warehouses ...
Thermoelectric cooling. Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending ...
R-410A. R-410A is a refrigerant used in air conditioning and heat pump applications. It is a zeotropic but near- azeotropic mixture of difluoromethane (CH 2 F 2, called R-32) and pentafluoroethane (CHF 2 CF 3, called R-125). R-410A is sold under the trademarked names AZ-20, EcoFluor R410, Forane 410A, Genetron R410A, Puron, and Suva 410A.
For this reason, 2,3,3,3‑tetrafluoropropene is the pre-eminent replacement for R-134a in vehicular air conditioners. As of 2022, 90% of new U.S. vehicles are estimated to use HFO-1234yf. [ 6 ] Unlike previous vehicular refrigerants, 2,3,3,3‑tetrafluoropropene is flammable , but does not increase fire risk in internal combustion engines .
Reversing valve. A reversing valve is a type of valve and is a component in a heat pump, that changes the direction of refrigerant flow. By reversing the flow of refrigerant, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is changed from cooling to heating or vice versa. This allows a residence or facility to be heated and cooled by a single piece of ...