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You should capitalize family member titles when addressing your own relatives: hello, Mother. A good rule to follow is to capitalize them if they are used as proper nouns, as in the previous example. The word Mother is a proper noun standing in for the mother’s name.
When should you capitalize words like “mom” or “dad” that show family relationships ? Quickly learn the grammar rules about family titles.
"Dad" is a specific reference (when you say it you mean somebody different from when I say it), so it gets capitalized like any proper noun. On the other hand, "dad" is a common noun meaning "father" (anybody's).
Capitalize kinship titles (mom, dad, uncle, grandma, etc.) when using them as names (“Hi, Mom”), but lowercase them as common nouns (“your mom”).
If it’s used as the equivalent of their name (as in “Mom loves the color red” or—in dialogue—“I love you, Mom”), then capitalize it. DON’T But if it’s used as a role/position (as in “My dad enjoys a good steak, while your dad is a vegetarian”), don’t capitalize it.
So if I understand correctly, “Mom” and “Dad” are capitalized when they’re by themselves because they can be used as the subject of a sentence, whereas “son” and “daughter” are taken as terms of endearment and are therefore not capitalized.
The only times you’ll capitalize the words “mom” or “dad” will be when you’re using it as a proper noun in place of a name, at the start of a sentence or when you’re writing a quote to give ownership to “mom” or “dad.” Any other time will be lowercase.
Capitalization is required for proper nouns, such as names, but sometimes words can be proper nouns or common nouns. Family titles, such as mom and dad, fit into this category. The general rule is to capitalize a family name when it is used as a name, and not to capitalize when it is a common noun.
You can capitalize these when referring to your own relatives: Hello, Mother. When you use mom/dad in general meaning father/mother, it's a common noun. So do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your.
Both the first and last names of a person are capitalized. Likewise, middle names, nicknames, and suffixes like Jr. are also capitalized. Martin Luther King Jr. Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson. Historical names that include descriptive words often follow the rules for title capitalization: Prominent words are capitalized, but small words like the ...