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In general, a domain name identifies a network domain or an Internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal computer used to access the Internet, or a server computer. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name.
The Domain Name System is defined by Request for Comments (RFC) documents published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (Internet standards). The following is a list of RFCs that define the DNS protocol. Standards track. RFC 1034, Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities; RFC 1035, Domain Names - Implementation and Specification
Internationalised domain names have been proposed for Japan and Libya. ICANN-era generic top-level domains. Name: DNS name; Target market: intended use; Restrictions: restrictions, if any, on who can register, and how the domain can be used; Operator: entity the registry has been delegated to; IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
An internationalized domain name ( IDN) is an Internet domain name that contains at least one label displayed in software applications, in whole or in part, in non-Latin script or alphabet [a] or in the Latin alphabet -based characters with diacritics or ligatures. [b] These writing systems are encoded by computers in multibyte Unicode.
Domain name registry. A domain name registry is a database of all domain names and the associated registrant information in the top level domains of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet that enables third party entities to request administrative control of a domain name. Most registries operate on the top-level and second-level of the DNS.
Relative domain names. A relative domain name is a domain name which does not include all labels. It may also be referred to as a partially-qualified domain name, or PQDN. Hostnames can be used as relative domain names. Usage. Dot-separated fully qualified domain names are the primarily used form for human-readable representations of a domain name.
A large number of third-level domains are reserved for localities within states. Each fourth-level domain registration under this namespace follows the format organization-name.locality.state.us, where state is a state's two-letter postal abbreviation and locality is a hyphenated name that corresponds to a ZIP code or appears in a well-known atlas.
Most sovereign states have alternative names. Some countries have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names and initialisms for all nations, countries, and sovereign states, in English and any predominant or official languages of the country in question.