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Password cracking. In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [1] protecting a computer system. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [2]
John the Ripper. John the Ripper is a free password cracking software tool. [3] Originally developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS ). It is among the most frequently used password testing and breaking programs [4 ...
Rainbow table. A rainbow table is a precomputed table for caching the outputs of a cryptographic hash function, usually for cracking password hashes. Passwords are typically stored not in plain text form, but as hash values. If such a database of hashed passwords falls into the hands of attackers, they can use a precomputed rainbow table to ...
Facebook stored hundreds of millions of users' passwords in a format easily readable by its employees for years, in the latest security scandal to hit the beleaguered Silicon Valley tech giant.
Crack was the first standalone password cracker for Unix systems and the first to introduce programmable dictionary generation as well. Crack began in 1990 when Alec Muffett, a Unix system administrator at the University of Wales Aberystwyth, was trying to improve Dan Farmer's pwc cracker in COPS. Muffett found that by re-engineering the memory ...
February: A Dutch cracker releases the Anna Kournikova virus, initiating a wave of viruses that tempts users to open the infected attachment by promising a sexy picture of the Russian tennis star. April: FBI agents trick two Russian crackers into coming to the U.S. and revealing how they were hacking U.S. banks.
Dictionary attack. In cryptanalysis and computer security, a dictionary attack is an attack using a restricted subset of a keyspace to defeat a cipher or authentication mechanism by trying to determine its decryption key or passphrase, sometimes trying thousands or millions of likely possibilities [1] often obtained from lists of past security ...
Ophcrack. Ophcrack is a free open-source ( GPL licensed) program that cracks Windows log-in passwords by using LM hashes through rainbow tables. The program includes the ability to import the hashes from a variety of formats, including dumping directly from the SAM files of Windows, and can be run via the command line or using the program’s ...