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Secret Service code name. President John F. Kennedy, codename "Lancer" with First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, codename "Lace". The United States Secret Service uses code names for U.S. presidents, first ladies, and other prominent persons and locations. [1] The use of such names was originally for security purposes and dates to a time when ...
The French invasion is known as the Russian campaign, [c] the Second Polish War, [d] [34] the Second Polish campaign, [e] [35] the Patriotic War of 1812, [f] or the War of 1812. [36] It should not be confused with the Great Patriotic War ( Великая Отечественная война , Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voyna ), a term for the ...
Continental System. The Continental Blockade ( French: Blocus continental ), or Continental System, was a large-scale embargo by French Emperor Napoleon I against the British Empire from 21 November 1806 until 11 April 1814, during the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree on 21 November 1806 in response to the naval blockade of ...
The Siege of Riga was a military operation during the Napoleonic Wars. The siege lasted five months from July – December 1812, during which the left flank of Napoleon's "Great Army" ( La Grande Armée) tried to gain a favorable position for an attack on Russian-controlled port city Riga, the capital of the Governorate of Livonia.
The military career of Napoleon spanned over 20 years. He led French armies in the French Revolutionary Wars and later, as emperor, in the Napoleonic Wars. Despite his rich war-winning record, Napoleon's military career ended in defeat. Napoleon has since been regarded as a military genius and one of the finest commanders in history.
The Battle of Smolensk was the first major battle of the French invasion of Russia. It took place on 16–18 August 1812 and involved about 45,000 men of the Grande Armée under Emperor Napoleon I against about 30,000 Russian troops under General Barclay de Tolly. [1] [4] Napoleon occupied Smolensk by driving out Prince Pyotr Bagration 's ...
The First French Empire declared war on Russian Empire on 22 June [ O.S. 10 June] 1812, starting Napoleon's invasion two days later. The declaration of war was presented in a diplomatic note by French ambassador Jacques Lauriston to Russian Foreign Minister Alexander Saltykov in Saint Petersburg. The note, preceded by two years of deteriorating ...
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions. The wars originated in political forces arising from the French Revolution (1789–1799) and from the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) and produced a ...