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2. English grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

   English grammar is the set of structural rules of the English language.This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and whole texts.. This article describes a generalized, present-day Standard English – a form of speech and writing used in public discourse, including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news, over a range of registers, from formal to ...

3. Affirmation and negation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation

   Affirmation and negation. In linguistics and grammar, affirmation ( abbreviated AFF) and negation ( NEG) are ways in which grammar encodes positive and negative polarity into verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances. An affirmative (positive) form is used to express the validity or truth of a basic assertion, while a negative form expresses ...

4. English phrasal verbs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phrasal_verbs

   English grammar. In the traditional grammar of Modern English, a phrasal verb typically constitutes a single semantic unit consisting of a verb followed by a particle (e.g., turn down, run into, or sit up ), sometimes collocated with a preposition (e.g., get together with, run out of, or feed off of ). Phrasal verbs ordinarily cannot be ...

5. Conjunction (grammar) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_(grammar)

   In grammar, a conjunction ( abbreviated CONJ or CNJ) is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses, which are called its conjuncts. That description is vague enough to overlap with those of other parts of speech because what constitutes a "conjunction" must be defined for each language. In English, a given word may have several ...

6. Phrase structure grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_grammar

   Basic clause structure is understood in terms of a binary division of the clause into subject ( noun phrase NP) and predicate ( verb phrase VP). The binary division of the clause results in a one-to-one-or-more correspondence. For each element in a sentence, there are one or more nodes in the tree structure that one assumes for that sentence.

7. Context-free grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-free_grammar

   In formal language theory, a context-free grammar ( CFG) is a formal grammar whose production rules can be applied to a nonterminal symbol regardless of its context. In particular, in a context-free grammar, each production rule is of the form. with a single nonterminal symbol, and a string of terminals and/or nonterminals ( can be empty).