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Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) exists when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. This may be due to a small pelvis, a nongynecoid pelvic formation, a large fetus, an unfavorable orientation of the fetus, or a combination of these factors. Certain medical conditions may distort pelvic bones ...
Obstetrics, pediatrics. Large for gestational age ( LGA) is a term used to describe infants that are born with an abnormally high weight, specifically in the 90th percentile or above, compared to other babies of the same developmental age. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Macrosomia is a similar term that describes excessive birth weight, but refers to an absolute ...
Pediatrics. Small for gestational age ( SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age. SGA is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. [ 1] SGA predicts susceptibility to hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and polycythemia. [ 2] By definition, at least 10% of all newborns ...
Oligohydramnios. Specialty. Obstetrics. Oligohydramnios is a medical condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the abdomen, in the amniotic sac. The limiting case is anhydramnios, where there is a complete absence of amniotic fluid. It is typically diagnosed by ultrasound when ...
Fundal height, or McDonald's rule, is a measure of the size of the uterus used to assess fetal growth and development during pregnancy. It is measured from the top of the mother's uterus to the top of the mother's pubic symphysis. Fundal height, when expressed in centimeters, roughly corresponds to gestational age in weeks between 16 and 36 ...
The Tanner scale (also known as the Tanner stages or sexual maturity rating ( SMR )) is a scale of physical development as children transition into adolescence and then adulthood. The scale defines physical measurements of development based on external primary and secondary sex characteristics, such as the size of the breasts, genitals ...
A bicornuate uterus is an indication for increased surveillance of a pregnancy, though most women with a bicornuate uterus are able to have healthy pregnancies. [1] Women with a bicornuate uterus are at an increased risk of recurrent miscarriage, [2] [10] preterm birth, [2] [11] malpresentation, [2] [12] disruptions to fetal growth, [13] premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa and ...
A blighted ovum is a pregnancy in which the embryo never develops or develops and is reabsorbed. [ 1] In a normal pregnancy, an embryo would be visible on an ultrasound by six weeks after the woman's last menstrual period. [ 2] Anembryonic gestation is one of the causes of miscarriage of a pregnancy and accounts for roughly half of first ...