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An internetwork is the connection of multiple different types of computer networks to form a single computer network using higher-layer network protocols and connecting them together using routers. The Internet is the largest example of internetwork. It is a global system of interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public, and private ...
1. Physical layer. The Open Systems Interconnection ( OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection." [ 2] In the OSI reference model, the communications between systems are split ...
Delay-tolerant networking. Delay-tolerant networking ( DTN) is an approach to computer network architecture that seeks to address the technical issues in heterogeneous networks that may lack continuous network connectivity. Examples of such networks are those operating in mobile or extreme terrestrial environments, or planned networks in space.
A network interface controller ( NIC, also known as a network interface card, [ 3] network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface[ 4]) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. [ 5] Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus.
A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. [ 1] It often uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. It will use this machine as a host to scan and infect other computers.
Application layer. An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. [ 1] An application layer abstraction is specified in both the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. [ 2] Although both models use the same term for ...
Butterfly network. A butterfly network is a technique to link multiple computers into a high-speed network. This form of multistage interconnection network topology can be used to connect different nodes in a multiprocessor system. The interconnect network for a shared memory multiprocessor system must have low latency and high bandwidth unlike ...
Networking hardware, also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic devices that are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. Specifically, they mediate data transmission in a computer network. [ 1] Units which are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts, end ...