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Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus (womb). The procedure is a standard part of prenatal care in many countries, as it can provide a variety of information about the ...
Selective reduction is used when a mother is carrying an unsafe or undesirable number of fetuses in a multiple pregnancy, which are common in medically assisted pregnancies. The result is a reduction in the number of fetuses to a number that is more safe for the mother and the remaining fetuses or more compatible with socio-economic constraints ...
The diagnosis may be suspected if there is a decrease in the baby's heart rate during delivery. [1] Nuchal cords are typically checked for by running the finger over the baby's neck once the head has delivered. [4] Ultrasound may pick up the condition before labor. [1]
Echogenic intracardiac focus ( EIF) is a small bright spot seen in the baby's heart on an ultrasound exam. This is thought to represent mineralization, or small deposits of calcium, in the muscle of the heart. EIFs are found in about 3–5% of normal pregnancies and cause no health problems.
Medical imaging in pregnancy. Volume rendered CT scan of a pregnancy at 37 weeks of gestational age. Obstetric ultrasonography showing a fetus at 14 weeks of gestational age, through the median plane. Radiocontrast -enhanced median plane CT scan of a pregnancy at 37 weeks of gestational age. Plain abdominal Xray of a pregnant women.
A cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1] All other presentations are abnormal ...
Oligohydramnios is a medical condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the abdomen, in the amniotic sac. The limiting case is anhydramnios, where there is a complete absence of amniotic fluid. It is typically diagnosed by ultrasound when the amniotic fluid index (AFI) measures less than 5 cm or when the single deepest pocket ...
Birth defects of diethylstilbestrol. Diethylstilbestrol ( DES ), a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen which was previously used clinically to support pregnancy, has been linked to a variety of long-term adverse effects in women who were treated with it during pregnancy and in their offspring. [1]