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They derived the CHSH inequality, which, as with John Stewart Bell 's original inequality, [2] is a constraint—on the statistical occurrence of "coincidences" in a Bell test —which is necessarily true if an underlying local hidden-variable theory exists. In practice, the inequality is routinely violated by modern experiments in quantum ...
t. e. A Bell test, also known as Bell inequality test or Bell experiment, is a real-world physics experiment designed to test the theory of quantum mechanics in relation to Albert Einstein 's concept of local realism. Named for John Stewart Bell, the experiments test whether or not the real world satisfies local realism, which requires the ...
Energy level. En = energy eigenvalue. n = principal quantum number. e = electron charge. me = electron rest mass. ε0 = permittivity of free space. h = Planck constant. E n = − m e 4 / 8 ε 0 2 h 2 n 2 = − 13.61 e V / n 2 {\displaystyle E_ {n}=-me^ {4}/8\varepsilon _ {0}^ {2}h^ {2}n^ {2}=-13.61\,\mathrm {eV} /n^ {2}}
Alain Aspect explaining his experiment. Aspect's experiment was the first quantum mechanics experiment to demonstrate the violation of Bell's inequalities with photons using distant detectors. Its 1982 result allowed for further validation of the quantum entanglement and locality principles. It also offered an experimental answer to Albert ...
Exponential smoothing. Exponential smoothing or exponential moving average (EMA) is a rule of thumb technique for smoothing time series data using the exponential window function. Whereas in the simple moving average the past observations are weighted equally, exponential functions are used to assign exponentially decreasing weights over time.
John Clauser. John Francis Clauser ( / ˈklaʊzər /; born December 1, 1942) is an American theoretical and experimental physicist known for contributions to the foundations of quantum mechanics, in particular the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality. [1] Clauser was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Alain Aspect and ...
Special relativity is a theory of the structure of spacetime. It was introduced in Einstein's 1905 paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (for the contributions of many other physicists and mathematicians, see History of special relativity). Special relativity is based on two postulates which are contradictory in classical mechanics:
Oil drop experiment. The oil drop experiment was performed by Robert A. Millikan and Harvey Fletcher in 1909 to measure the elementary electric charge (the charge of the electron ). [1] [2] The experiment took place in the Ryerson Physical Laboratory at the University of Chicago. [3] [4] [5] Millikan received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1923.
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