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In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation [1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970 [2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951 [3]), and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974, [4] 1977a, [5] 1977b [6]), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky.
The phrase grammar of most programming languages can be specified using a Type-2 grammar, i.e., they are context-free grammars, [8] though the overall syntax is context-sensitive (due to variable declarations and nested scopes), hence Type-1. However, there are exceptions, and for some languages the phrase grammar is Type-0 (Turing-complete).
Extended Backus–Naur form. In computer science, extended Backus–Naur form ( EBNF) is a family of metasyntax notations, any of which can be used to express a context-free grammar. EBNF is used to make a formal description of a formal language such as a computer programming language. They are extensions of the basic Backus–Naur form (BNF ...
[1] [2] It contains the now-famous sentence "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously", [3] which Chomsky offered as an example of a grammatically correct sentence that has no discernible meaning, thus arguing for the independence of syntax (the study of sentence structures) from semantics (the study of meaning). [4] [note 1]
Grammatical relation. A tree diagram of English functions. In linguistics, grammatical relations (also called grammatical functions, grammatical roles, or syntactic functions) are functional relationships between constituents in a clause. The standard examples of grammatical functions from traditional grammar are subject, direct object, and ...
e. In linguistics, conjugation ( / ˌkɒndʒʊˈɡeɪʃən / [ 1][ 2]) is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (alteration of form according to rules of grammar ). For instance, the verb break can be conjugated to form the words break, breaks, broke, broken and breaking. While English has a relatively ...
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Type of a context-free grammar. In computer science, an ambiguous grammaris a context-free grammarfor which there exists a stringthat can have more than one leftmost derivationor parse tree.[1] Every non-empty context-free languageadmits an ambiguous grammar by introducing e.g. a duplicate rule. A language ...