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Synonym (taxonomy) The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. [1] For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of ...
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. [2] For example, in the English language, the words begin, start, commence, and initiate are all synonyms of one another: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be ...
Legal formalism. v. t. e. Legal formalism is both a descriptive theory and a normative theory of how judges should decide cases. [1] In its descriptive sense, formalists maintain that judges reach their decisions by applying uncontroversial principles to the facts; formalists believe that there is an underlying logic to the many legal ...
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises due to the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and content.
The formal sciences are the branches of science that are concerned with formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, theoretical computer science, information theory, systems theory, decision theory, statistics . Unlike other branches, the formal sciences are not concerned with the validity of theories based on observations in the real world ...
Context-free grammar. Simplified excerpt of the formal grammar [1] for the C programming language (left), and a derivation of a piece of C code (right) from the nonterminal symbol . Nonterminal symbols are blue and terminal symbols are red. In formal language theory, a context-free grammar ( CFG) is a formal grammar whose production rules can ...
Formal system. A formal system is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for inferring theorems from axioms by a set of inference rules. [1] In 1921, David Hilbert proposed to use formal systems as the foundation of knowledge in mathematics. [2]
t. e. A formal grammar describes which strings from an alphabet of a formal language are valid according to the language's syntax. A grammar does not describe the meaning of the strings or what can be done with them in whatever context—only their form. A formal grammar is defined as a set of production rules for such strings in a formal language.