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Geographical and historical treatment of El Salvador, the smallest and most densely populated of the seven Central American countries. Traditionally, it was an agricultural country, heavily dependent upon coffee exports, but by the end of the 20th century its service sector had come to dominate the economy.
The history of El Salvador begins with several distinct groups of Mesoamerican people, especially the Pipil, the Lenca and the Maya. In the early 16th century, the Spanish Empire conquered the territory, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of New Spain ruled from Mexico City.
A survey of important events and people in the history of El Salvador from the time of European settlement. Bounded by Honduras to the north and east, by the Pacific Ocean to the south, and by Guatemala to the northwest, El Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America.
The Spanish conquest and colonization of El Salvador began in 1524 with the arrival of an expedition from Guatemala led by Pedro de Alvarado. Alvarado’s troops met determined opposition from a Nahua tribe, the Pipil, that occupied much of the region west of the Lempa River.
In 1609, the area was declared the Captaincy General of Guatemala by the Spanish, which included the territory that would become El Salvador until its independence from Spain in 1821. It was forcibly incorporated into the First Mexican Empire, then seceded, joining the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823.
1540 - Indigenous resistance finally crushed and El Salvador becomes a Spanish colony. 1821 - El Salvador gains independence from Spain. Conflict ensues over territory's incorporation into...
After the breakup of the Federation from 1838-1840, the United States recognized Salvador (El Salvador) as a separate, independent state on May 1, 1849, when E. George Squier, U.S. Chargé d’affaires to Guatemala, was issued a full power and letter of credence to negotiate a treaty with Salvador.
Some key dates in the history of El Salvador: c. 600AD - Lenca establish the first widely recognised civilization in what is now El Salvador. They develop links with Mayan settlements in...
El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms.
The 19th-century history of the nation, with power kept in the hands of a small oligarchy, is less violent than in many parts of Latin america. But from 1931, after a brief attempt at democracy, this system gives way to a succession of military dictatorships or spells of one-party rule.