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The GDT is a table of 8-byte entries. Each entry may refer to a segment descriptor, Task State Segment (TSS), Local Descriptor Table (LDT), or call gate. Call gates were designed for transferring control between x86 privilege levels, although this mechanism is not used on most modern operating systems. There is also a Local Descriptor Table (LDT).
Overview. Call gates are intended to allow less privileged code to call code with a higher privilege level. This type of mechanism is essential in modern operating systems that employ memory protection since it allows user applications to use kernel functions and system calls in a way that can be controlled by the operating system .
Programmed input–output (also programmable input/output, programmed input/output, programmed I/O, PIO) is a method of data transmission, via input/output (I/O), between a central processing unit (CPU) and a peripheral device, [1] such as a Parallel ATA storage device. Each data item transfer is initiated by an instruction in the program ...
The interrupt descriptor table ( IDT) is a data structure used by the x86 architecture to implement an interrupt vector table. The IDT is used by the processor to determine the memory addresses of the handlers to be executed on interrupts and exceptions . The details in the description below apply specifically to the x86 architecture.
In computing, a system call (commonly abbreviated to syscall) is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system [a] on which it is executed. This may include hardware-related services (for example, accessing a hard disk drive or accessing the device's camera), creation and execution of new ...
These languages need to be compiled (translated into assembly language) by a system-specific compiler, or run through other compiled programs. Software instruction sets. Opcodes can also be found in so-called byte codes and other representations intended for a software interpreter rather than a hardware device. These software-based instruction ...
List of POSIX commands. This is a list of POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. This is not a comprehensive list of all utilities that existed in ...
B. binary semaphore: See semaphore. booting: In computing, booting (also known as booting up) is the initial set of operations that a computer performs after electrical power is switched on or when the computer is reset. This can take tens of seconds and typically involves performing a power-on self-test, locating and initializing peripheral ...