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Coupon collector's problem. In probability theory, the coupon collector's problem refers to mathematical analysis of "collect all coupons and win" contests. It asks the following question: if each box of a given product (e.g., breakfast cereals) contains a coupon, and there are n different types of coupons, what is the probability that more ...
Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number of moles per liter ...
Avogadro's law states that "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules." [1] For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure are constant. The law is named after Amedeo Avogadro who, in 1812, [2][3 ...
Multiplying this by the number of moles, /, gives the excluded volume as 4 times the volume of all the molecules. [4] This theory also produces a = I ε N A b {\displaystyle a=I\varepsilon N_{\text{A}}b} where I {\displaystyle I} is a number that depends on the shape of the potential function, φ ( r ) {\displaystyle \varphi (r)} .
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The number density (symbol: n or ρN) is an intensive quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects (particles, molecules, phonons, cells, galaxies, etc.) in physical space: three-dimensional volumetric number density, two-dimensional areal number density, or one-dimensional linear number density.
The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of measurement, the base unit in the International System of Units (SI) for amount of substance, a quantity proportional to the number of elementary entities of a substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities (approximately 602 sextillion or 602 billion times a trillion), which can ...
The rate law for zero order reaction is [] = [] =, The unit of k is mol dm-3 s-1. [14] This may occur when there is a bottleneck which limits the number of reactant molecules that can react at the same time, for example if the reaction requires contact with an enzyme or a catalytic surface. [15]