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Mid-range. In statistics, the mid-range or mid-extreme is a measure of central tendency of a sample defined as the arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum values of the data set: [1] The mid-range is closely related to the range, a measure of statistical dispersion defined as the difference between maximum and minimum values.
Median. Finding the median in sets of data with an odd and even number of values. The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value.
The median of three vertices in a median graph. In graph theory, a division of mathematics, a median graph is an undirected graph in which every three vertices a, b, and c have a unique median: a vertex m ( a, b, c) that belongs to shortest paths between each pair of a, b, and c . The concept of median graphs has long been studied, for instance ...
The five-number summary gives information about the location (from the median), spread (from the quartiles) and range (from the sample minimum and maximum) of the observations. Since it reports order statistics (rather than, say, the mean) the five-number summary is appropriate for ordinal measurements, as well as interval and ratio measurements.
Definition. The harmonic mean H of the positive real numbers is defined to be [2] It is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals, and vice versa: where the arithmetic mean is defined as. The harmonic mean is a Schur-concave function, and dominated by the minimum of its arguments, in the sense that for any positive set of ...
In mathematics, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called arcs, links or lines ). A distinction is made between undirected graphs, where edges link ...
In mathematics, the graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs , where In the common case where and are real numbers, these pairs are Cartesian coordinates of points in a plane and often form a curve . The graphical representation of the graph of a function is also known as a plot . In the case of functions of two variables – that is ...
In mathematics, the range of a function may refer to either of two closely related concepts: the codomain of the function, or. the image of the function. In some cases the codomain and the image of a function are the same set; such a function is called surjective or onto. For any non-surjective function the codomain and the image are different ...