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Mono is primarily diagnosed based on the symptoms and can be confirmed with blood tests for specific antibodies. [3] Another typical finding is increased blood lymphocytes of which more than 10% are atypical. [3] [9] The monospot test is not recommended for general use due to poor accuracy. [10]
Monocytosis. Monocytosis is an increase in the number of monocytes circulating in the blood. [ 1] Monocytes are white blood cells that give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune system. In humans, monocytosis occurs when there is a sustained rise in monocyte counts greater than 800/mm 3 to 1000/mm 3. [ 2]
Monocytes are mechanically active cells [ 17] and migrate from blood to an inflammatory site to perform their functions. As explained before, they can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, but the different monocyte subpopulations can also exert specific functions on their own.
The mononuclear spot test or monospot test, a form of the heterophile antibody test, [ 1] is a rapid test for infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It is an improvement on the Paul–Bunnell test. [ 2] The test is specific for heterophile antibodies produced by the human immune system in response to EBV infection.
A peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC) is any peripheral blood cell having a round nucleus. [ 1] These cells consist of lymphocytes ( T cells, B cells, NK cells) and monocytes, whereas erythrocytes and platelets have no nuclei, and granulocytes ( neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) have multi-lobed nuclei.
2085133. LOINC. 33255-1, 24318-8, 69738-3. A white blood cell differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood. The test, which is usually ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC), measures the amounts of the five normal white blood cell types ...
A positive test usually is > 200 units/mL, [1] but normal ranges vary from laboratory to laboratory and by age. [2] The false negatives rate is 20 to 30%. [1] If a false negative is suspected, then an anti-DNase B titre should be sought. False positives can result from liver disease and tuberculosis. [1]
Reactive lymphocytes were originally described by W. Türk in 1907 in the peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis.Later in 1923 the features of the reactive lymphocytes were characterized in greater detail by Hal Downey and C.A. McKinlay, who also discovered the association with EBV and CMV.