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TNM staging system. The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors ( TNM) is a globally recognised standard for classifying the anatomical extent of the spread of malignant tumours (cancer). It has gained wide international acceptance for many solid tumor cancers, but is not applicable to leukaemia or tumors of the central nervous system.
Determining the extent to which a cancer has developed. Cancer staging is the process of determining the extent to which a cancer has grown and spread. A number from I to IV is assigned, with I being an isolated cancer and IV being a cancer that has metastasized and spread from its origin. The stage generally takes into account the size of a ...
The overall 5-year survival rate for follicular thyroid cancer is 91%, and the 10-year survival rate is 85%. By overall cancer staging into stages I to IV, follicular thyroid cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 100% for stages I and II, 71% for stage III, and 50% for stage IV.
- T3, N0 or N1, M0: T3 tumors with limited lymph node involvement. - T4, N0 or N1, M0: T4 tumors with minimal or no lymph node involvement. Stage IV (Any T, Any N, M1) Staging modalities CT and PET scans. The mainstay of non-invasive staging is a CT scan of the chest followed by metabolic imaging with a PET scan.
Colon cancer staging. Colon cancer staging is an estimate of the amount of penetration of a particular cancer. It is performed for diagnostic and research purposes, and to determine the best method of treatment. The systems for staging colorectal cancers depend on the extent of local invasion, the degree of lymph node involvement and whether ...
Stage 0 is a pre-cancerous or marker condition, either ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Stages 1–3 are within the breast or regional lymph nodes. Stage 4 is a metastatic cancer. Metastatic breast cancer has a less favorable prognosis. Receptor status.
Thyroid neoplasm is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid. It can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma, [1] or it can be a malignant neoplasm ( thyroid cancer ), such as papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer. [2] Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected than men.
Acinic cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor representing 2% of all salivary tumors. 90% of the time found in the parotid gland, 10% intraorally on buccal mucosa or palate. The disease presents as a slow growing mass, associated with pain or tenderness in 50% of the cases. Often appears pseudoencapsulated.