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Sputnik 1. Sputnik 1 ( / ˈspʌtnɪk, ˈspʊtnɪk /, Russian: Спутник-1, Satellite 1) was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. It sent a radio signal back to Earth for three weeks before its three silver-zinc ...
USSR postage stamp "Спутник-2". Sputnik 2 was launched at 02:30:42 UTC on 3 November 1957 from LC-1 of the NIIP-5 Test Range via Sputnik 8K71PS rocket (the same pad and rocket that launched Sputnik 1) [ 1] The satellite's orbit was 212 km × 1,660 km (132 mi × 1,031 mi) with a period of 103.7 minutes. [ 2] After reaching orbit Sputnik 2 ...
Laika ( / ˈlaɪkə / LY-kə; Russian: Лайка, IPA: [ˈlajkə]; c. 1954 – 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft, launched into low orbit on 3 November 1957.
The Sputnik rocket was an uncrewed orbital carrier rocket designed by Sergei Korolev in the Soviet Union, derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing Sputnik 1 into a low Earth orbit . Two versions of the Sputnik were built, the Sputnik-PS ( GRAU index 8K71PS), which ...
Sputnik 1 was launched on October 4, 1957, beating the United States and stunning people all over the world. [ 83] The Soviet space program pioneered many aspects of space exploration: 1957: First intercontinental ballistic missile and orbital launch vehicle, the R-7 Semyorka. 1957: First satellite, Sputnik 1.
The R-7 ( Russian: Р-7) family of rockets is a series of rockets, derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka, the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). More R-7 rockets have been launched than any other family of large rockets. Under the direction of the rocket pioneer Sergey Korolyov, the Soviet Union during the 1950s developed ...
Sputnik crisis. The Sputnik crisis was a period of public fear and anxiety in Western nations about the perceived technological gap between the United States and Soviet Union caused by the Soviets' launch of Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite. [ 1] The crisis was a significant event in the Cold War that triggered the creation of ...
Sputnik 1: 1957 November 3 USSR First mammal (the dog Laika) in orbit around Earth. Sputnik 2: 1958 March 17 USA First solar-powered satellite Vanguard 1: 1959 January 2 USSR First lunar spacecraft First rocket engine restart in Earth orbit First spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit First spacecraft on an escape trajectory from Earth: Luna 1: 1959 ...