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Caesar cipher. The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with a different one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. The cipher illustrated here uses a left shift of 3, so that (for example) each occurrence of E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext. In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's ...
UTF-8. UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit. [ 1] UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 [ a] valid Unicode code points using one to four one- byte (8-bit) code units.
Formats that use delimiter-separated values (also DSV) [2] : 113 store two-dimensional arrays of data by separating the values in each row with specific delimiter characters. Most database and spreadsheet programs are able to read or save data in a delimited format. Due to their wide support, DSV files can be used in data exchange among many ...
Unnamed numerical constants. [] The term magic number or magic constant refers to the anti-pattern of using numbers directly in source code. This has been referred to as breaking one of the oldest rules of programming, dating back to the COBOL, FORTRAN and PL/1 manuals of the 1960s. [ 1 ] The use of unnamed magic numbers in code obscures the ...
Morse code. Morse code is a telecommunications method which encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called dots and dashes, or dits and dahs. [3] [4] Morse code is named after Samuel Morse, one of the early developers of the system adopted for electrical telegraphy .
Unix time numbers are repeated in the second immediately following a positive leap second. The Unix time number 1 483 142 400 is thus ambiguous: it can refer either to start of the leap second (2016-12-31 23:59:60) or the end of it, one second later (2017-01-01 00:00:00). In the theoretical case when a negative leap second occurs, no ambiguity ...
A valid DEA number consists of: 2 letters, 6 numbers, and 1 check digit. The first letter is a code identifying the type of registrant (see below) The second letter is the first letter of the registrant's last name, or "9" for registrants using a business address instead of name. Of the seven digits that follow, the seventh digit is a "checksum ...
The Vigenère cipher ( French pronunciation: [viʒnɛːʁ]) is a method of encrypting alphabetic text where each letter of the plaintext is encoded with a different Caesar cipher, whose increment is determined by the corresponding letter of another text, the key . For example, if the plaintext is attacking tonight and the key is ...