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Malingering is the fabrication, feigning, or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms designed to achieve a desired outcome, such as personal gain, relief from duty or work, avoiding arrest, receiving medication, and mitigating prison sentencing. It presents a complex ethical dilemma within domains of society, including healthcare ...
Primary gain and secondary gain, and more rarely tertiary gain, are terms used in medicine and psychology to describe the significant subconscious psychological motivators patients may have when presenting with symptoms. If these motivators are recognized by the patient, and especially if symptoms are fabricated or exaggerated for personal gain ...
Differential diagnosis. low back pain. Waddell's signs are a group of physical signs, first described in a 1980 article in Spine, and named for the article's principal author, Professor Gordon Waddell (1943–2017), a Scottish Orthopedic Surgeon. [ 1][ 2] Waddell's signs may indicate non-organic or psychological component to chronic low back pain.
Although "pseusoseizures" remains a common term for PNES episodes in the medical field, many patients dislike it due to associated stigma and implications of malingering. [ 36 ] Within DSM 5 , patients presenting with PNES may meet the criteria for functional neurological disorder and in some cases, somatic symptom disorder, whilst in ICD 10 it ...
The term "Munchausen syndrome by proxy" was first coined in 1977, but the condition is now also called "factitious disorder imposed on another," and "fabricated or induced illness in a child ...
A factitious disorder is a mental disorder in which a person, without a malingering motive, acts as if they have an illness by deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms, purely to attain (for themselves or for another) a patient's role. People with a factitious disorder may produce symptoms by contaminating urine samples ...
Hoover's sign (leg paresis) Differential diagnosis. Conversion disorder. Hoover’s sign of leg paresis is one of two signs named for Charles Franklin Hoover. [ 1] It is a maneuver aimed to separate organic from non-organic paresis of the leg. [ 2] The sign relies on the principle of synergistic contraction. [citation needed]
Dissociative identity disorder is attributed to extremes of stress or disorders of attachment. What may be expressed as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults may become dissociative identity disorder when occurring in children, possibly due to their greater use of imagination as a form of coping. [ 43]