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Loudness. In acoustics, loudness is the subjective perception of sound pressure. More formally, it is defined as the "attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which sounds can be ordered on a scale extending from quiet to loud". [ 1] The relation of physical attributes of sound to perceived loudness consists of physical, physiological and ...
Headroom refers to the amount by which the signal-handling capabilities of an audio system exceed a designated nominal level. [11] Headroom can be thought of as a safety zone allowing transient audio peaks to exceed the nominal level without damaging the system or the audio signal, e.g., via clipping. Standards bodies differ in their ...
A long-range acoustic device ( LRAD ), acoustic hailing device (AHD) or sound cannon is a specialized loudspeaker that produces sound at high power for communicating at a distance. It has been used as a method of crowd control, which has caused permanent hearing damage, having an extremely high decibel capacity (up to 160 dB measured at one ...
Loudspeaker. The hole below the lowest woofer is a port for a bass reflex system. A loudspeaker (commonly referred to as a speaker or speaker driver) is an electroacoustic transducer [ 1]: 597 that converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound. [ 2] A speaker system, also often simply referred to as a speaker or loudspeaker ...
Battery-powered systems can be used by guides who are speaking to clients on walking tours. Public address systems consist of input sources (microphones, sound playback devices, etc.), amplifiers, control and monitoring equipment (e.g., LED indicator lights, VU meters, headphones), and loudspeakers.
A sound level meter (also called sound pressure level meter ( SPL )) is used for acoustic measurements. It is commonly a hand-held instrument with a microphone. The best type of microphone for sound level meters is the condenser microphone, which combines precision with stability and reliability. [ 1] The diaphragm of the microphone responds to ...
In speech communication, intelligibility is a measure of how comprehensible speech is in given conditions. Intelligibility is affected by the level (loud but not too loud) and quality of the speech signal, the type and level of background noise, reverberation (some reflections but not too many), and, for speech over communication devices, the properties of the communication system.
Loudspeaker measurement. Loudspeaker measurement is the practice of determining the behaviour of loudspeakers by measuring various aspects of performance. This measurement is especially important because loudspeakers, being transducers, have a higher level of distortion than other audio system components used in playback or sound reinforcement.