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In the United States "special needs" is a legal term applying in foster care, derived from the language in the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. It is a diagnosis used to classify children as needing more services than those children without special needs who are in the foster care system.
Special education (also known as special-needs education, aided education, alternative provision, exceptional student education, special ed., SDC, and SPED) is the practice of educating students in a way that accommodates their individual differences, disabilities, and special needs. This involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted ...
Children with Special Healthcare Needs (CSHCN) are defined by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau as: "Those who have one or more chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional conditions and who. also require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally" [1]
An Individualized Education Program ( IEP) is a legal document under United States law that is developed for each public school child in the U.S. who needs special education. It is created through a team of the child's parent (s), the student and district personnel who are knowledgeable about the child's needs. [1] IEPs must be reviewed every year to keep track of the child's educational ...
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( IDEA) is a piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) that is tailored to their individual needs. IDEA was previously known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) from 1975 to 1990. In 1990, the United States Congress reauthorized EHA and ...
Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. [1] Disabilities may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or a combination of multiple factors. Disabilities can be present from birth or can be ...
Mainstreaming, in the context of education, is the practice of placing students with special education needs in a general education classroom during specific time periods based on their skills. [1] This means students who are a part of the special education classroom will join the regular education classroom at certain times which are fitting ...
Inclusion in education refers to including all students to equal access to equal opportunities of education and learning, [1] and is distinct from educational equality or educational equity. It arose in the context of special education with an individualized education program or 504 plan, and is built on the notion that it is more effective for students with special needs to have the said ...