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Differential diagnoses of depression. Neuroimaging can be a valuable tool in the diagnostic work-up of various psychiatric disorders including depression. [1] Depression, one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders, [2] [3] is being diagnosed in increasing numbers in various segments of the population worldwide.
Hypothyroidism (also called underactive thyroid, low thyroid or hypothyreosis) is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. [3] It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold, extreme fatigue, muscle aches, constipation, slow heart rate, depression, and weight gain. [3] Occasionally there may be swelling of ...
The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire ( PHQ-9) is a depressive symptom scale and diagnostic tool introduced in 2001 to screen adult patients in primary care settings. The instrument assesses for the presence and severity of depressive symptoms and a possible depressive disorder. [1] [2] [3] The PHQ-9 is a component of the larger self-administered Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), but ...
Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome ( CIDS) is a medical condition present at birth marked by impaired physical and mental development, due to insufficient thyroid hormone ( hypothyroidism) often caused by insufficient dietary iodine during pregnancy. It is one cause of underactive thyroid function at birth, called congenital hypothyroidism, historically referred to as cretinism (obsolete ...
Euthyroid sick syndrome ( ESS) is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control [1] wherein the levels of T3 and/or T4 are abnormal, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. This condition may result from allostatic responses of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback control, dyshomeostatic disorders, drug interferences, and impaired assay ...
Triiodothyronine, also known as T3, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. [1]
Thyroid hormones are any hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine ( T3) and thyroxine ( T4 ). They are tyrosine -based hormones that are primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. T 3 and T 4 are partially composed of iodine, derived from food. [2] A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production ...
Myxedema coma is an extreme or decompensated form of hypothyroidism and while uncommon, is potentially lethal. [1] [2] [3] A person may have laboratory values identical to a "normal" hypothyroid state, but a stressful event (such as an infection, myocardial infarction, or stroke) precipitates the myxedema coma state, usually in the elderly.