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Blood pressure measurement. A medical student checking blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Arterial blood pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which historically used the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure. [ 1] Blood pressure values are generally reported in millimetres ...
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension, or idiopathic hypertension) is a form of hypertension without an identifiable physiologic cause. [ 1][ 2] It is the most common type affecting 85% of those with high blood pressure. [ 3][ 4] The remaining 15% is accounted for by various causes of secondary hypertension. [ 3]
The English clergyman Stephen Hales made the first published measurement of blood pressure in 1733. [ 1][ 2] Descriptions of what would come to be called hypertension came from, among others, Thomas Young in 1808 and especially Richard Bright in 1836. [ 1] Bright noted a link between cardiac hypertrophy and kidney disease, and subsequently ...
Pathophysiology is a study which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions. The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure. Hypertension can be classified by cause as ...
Regarding ideal numbers, the famous M.D. says: "Your blood pressure is supposed to be under 140 over 90, optimally closer to 120 over 80." He went on to call the test "life-saving" and "the single ...
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. [ 1] It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). It represents the force that the heart generates each time it contracts. Healthy pulse pressure is around 40 mmHg. [ 1][ 2] A pulse pressure that is consistently 60 mmHg or greater is likely to be associated with ...
Central venous pressure ( CVP) is the blood pressure in the venae cavae, near the right atrium of the heart. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood back into the arterial system. CVP is often a good approximation of right atrial pressure (RAP), [ 1] although the two terms are not ...
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