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The sleep cycle is an oscillation between the slow-wave and REM (paradoxical) phases of sleep. It is sometimes called the ultradian sleep cycle, sleep–dream cycle, or REM-NREM cycle, to distinguish it from the circadian alternation between sleep and wakefulness. In humans, this cycle takes 70 to 110 minutes (90 ± 20 minutes). [ 1]
The respiratory disturbance index ( RDI )—or respiratory distress Index —is a formula used in reporting polysomnography (sleep study) findings. Like the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), it reports on respiratory distress events during sleep, but unlike the AHI, it also includes respiratory-effort related arousals (RERAs). [ 1]
Polysomnography (PSG) is a multi-parameter type of sleep study [1] and a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine.The test result is called a polysomnogram, also abbreviated PSG.The name is derived from Greek and Latin roots: the Greek πολύς (polus for "many, much", indicating many channels), the Latin somnus ("sleep"), and the Greek γράφειν (graphein, "to write").
Under pressure from lobbyists and Capitol Hill, the FDA in 1997 produced new guidelines declaring that companies’ ads just had to devote roughly equal time to the risks and benefits of a drug. One year later, spending on television drug ads had more than doubled, from $310 million to $664 million.
Infants ages 0-3 months require about 14-17 hours of sleep daily. Toddlers ages 1-2 years need approximately 11-14 hours of daily sleep. Children ages 3-5 years should aim for 10-13 hours. Older ...
A prolonged-release 2 mg oral formulation of melatonin sold under the brand name Circadin is approved for use in the European Union in the short-term treatment of insomnia in people age 55 and older. [11] [29] [8] Melatonin is also available as an over-the-counter dietary supplement in many countries. It is available in both immediate-release ...
As you wait for prescription drug costs to come down from the clouds, here's how you can save money on the medications you need. 1. Use a coupon program. If you don't have insurance, a ...
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses sleep quality over a 1-month time interval. The measure consists of 19 individual items, creating 7 components that produce one global score, and takes 5–10 minutes to complete. [ 1] Developed by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh, [ 2] the PSQI ...