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11th century Moravian nasal helmet, Vienna. One of the few remaining examples of such helmets. The nasal helmet was a type of combat helmet characterised by the possession of a projecting bar covering the nose and thus protecting the centre of the face; it was of Western European origins and was used from the late 9th century to at least c. 1250.
Aventail. Camail with triangle ventail (mail flap) on a bascinet (ca. 1360) at the German Historical Museum. An aventail ( / ˈævənteɪl /) [1] or camail ( / kəˈmeɪl, ˈkæmeɪl /) [2] [3] is a flexible curtain of mail attached to the skull of a helmet that extends to cover at least the neck, but often also the throat and shoulders.
Mail coif. 13th century separate mail coif from Tofta Church, Gotland. A mail coif is a type of armour which covered the head. A mail coif is a flexible hood of chain mail that extended to cover the throat, neck, and the top part of the shoulders. They were popular with European fighting men of the Middle Ages .
Bascinet without accessories. The bascinet – also bassinet, basinet, or bazineto – was a Medieval European open-faced combat helmet. It evolved from a type of iron or steel skullcap, but had a more pointed apex to the skull, and it extended downwards at the rear and sides to afford protection for the neck. A mail curtain ( aventail or ...
The name Spangenhelm is of German origin. Spangen refers to the metal strips that form the framework for the helmet and could be translated as braces, and -helm simply means helmet. The strips connect three to six steel or bronze plates. The frame takes a conical design that curves with the shape of the head and culminates in a point.
The slot in the helmet is called an occularium. This list identifies various pieces of body armourworn from the medieval to early modern periodin the Western world, mostly platebut some mail armour, arranged by the part of body that is protected and roughly by date. It does not identify fastening components or various appendages such as lance ...
Great helm. 13th century German great helm with a flat top to the skull. The great helm or heaume, also called pot helm, bucket helm and barrel helm, is a helmet of the High Middle Ages which arose in the late twelfth century in the context of the Crusades and remained in use until the fourteenth century. The barreled style was used by knights ...
Civilizations that used mail invented specific terms for each garment made from it. The standard terms for European mail armour derive from French: leggings are called chausses, a hood is a mail coif, and mittens, mitons. A mail collar hanging from a helmet is a camail or aventail.
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