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Failure to progress. Normal stages of childbirth. Prolonged labor is the inability of a woman to proceed with childbirth upon going into labor. [ 1] Prolonged labor typically lasts over 20 hours for first time mothers, and over 14 hours for women that have already had children. [ 1] Failure to progress can take place during two different phases ...
Fetal distress, also known as non-reassuring fetal status, is a condition during pregnancy or labor in which the fetus shows signs of inadequate oxygenation. [ 1] Due to its imprecision, the term "fetal distress" has fallen out of use in American obstetrics. [ 2][ 1][ 3] The term "non-reassuring fetal status" has largely replaced it. [ 4]
Placental insufficiency or utero-placental insufficiency is the failure of the placenta to deliver sufficient nutrients to the fetus during pregnancy, and is often a result of insufficient blood flow to the placenta. The term is also sometimes used to designate late decelerations of fetal heart rate as measured by cardiotocography or an NST ...
Placental abruption is when the placenta separates early from the uterus, in other words separates before childbirth. [ 2] It occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy. [ 2] Symptoms may include vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and dangerously low blood pressure. [ 1] Complications for the mother can include disseminated ...
Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically blocked during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. [ 2] Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may result in death. [ 1] It increases the risk of the mother getting an infection, having uterine ...
When PROM occurs at term (after 36 weeks), it is typically followed soon thereafter by the start of labor and delivery. About half of women will give birth within 5 hours, and 95% will give birth within 28 hours without any intervention. [11] The younger the baby, the longer the latency period (time between membrane rupture and start of labor).
Anemia prevalences during pregnancy differed from 18% in developed countries to 75% in South Asia; culminating to a global rate of 38% of pregnancies worldwide. [ 32 ] [ 5 ] [ 33 ] Treatment varies due to the severity of the anaemia, and can be used by increasing iron containing foods, oral iron tablets or by the use of parenteral iron .
A nuchal cord is when the umbilical cord becomes wrapped around the fetus 's neck. [ 1] Symptoms present in the baby shortly after birth from a prior nuchal cord may include duskiness of face, facial petechia, and bleeding in the whites of the eye. [ 1] Complications can include meconium, respiratory distress, anemia, and stillbirth. [ 1]