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UTQG ratings (top) and tire code (bottom) on sidewall of Continental ContiProContact tire. Uniform Tire Quality Grading, commonly abbreviated as UTQG, is a set of standards for passenger car tires that measures a tire's treadwear, temperature resistance and traction. The UTQG was created by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in ...
The load index on a passenger-car tire is a numerical code stipulating the maximum load (mass, or weight) each tire can carry. For load range "B" tires, ETRTO (ISO-Metric) standards specify the load index rating at an inflation pressure of 36 psi (250 kPa) (table below), while P-Metric standards measure the load capacity at an inflation ...
Temperature: with both solid and pneumatic tires, rolling resistance has been found to decrease as temperature increases (within a range of temperatures: i.e. there is an upper limit to this effect) [59] [60] For a rise in temperature from 30 °C to 70 °C the rolling resistance decreased by 20-25%. [61]
Tire uniformity. Tire uniformity refers to the dynamic mechanical properties of pneumatic tires as strictly defined by a set of measurement standards and test conditions accepted by global tire and car makers. These standards include the parameters of radial force variation, lateral force variation, conicity, ply steer, radial run-out, lateral ...
Cold inflation pressure is the inflation pressure of tires before a car is driven and the tires (tyres) warmed up. Recommended cold inflation pressure is displayed on the owner's manual and on the placard (or sticker) attached to the vehicle door edge, pillar, glovebox door or fuel filler flap. Most passenger cars are recommended to have a tire ...
SAE J1269 and SAE J2452 performed on new tires. SAE J2452 is a standard defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers [1] to measure the rolling resistance of tires. [2] Where the older standard, SAE J1269, produces measurements of rolling resistance under steady-state (i.e. thermally equilibrated) operating conditions, SAE J2452 produces measurements during a transient history of speed that ...
A tire-pressure monitoring system ( TPMS) monitors the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on vehicles. [ 1] A TPMS reports real-time tire-pressure information to the driver, using either a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light. TPMS can be divided into two different types – direct (dTPMS) and indirect (iTPMS).
The same rims can usually be used throughout the lifetime of the car. Other problems encountered in tire maintenance include: Uneven or accelerated tire wear: can be caused by under-inflation, overloading or poor wheel alignment. Increased tread wear on only one side of a tire: often a sign of poor wheel alignment.